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1.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 87-95, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778385

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The risk factors for the development of plantar fasciitis (PF) have been associated with the medial longitudinal arch (MLA), rearfoot alignment and calcaneal overload. However, the relationships between the biomechanical variables have yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships between the MLA, rearfoot alignment, and dynamic plantar loads in runners with unilateral PF in acute and chronic phases. METHOD: Cross-sectional study which thirty-five runners with unilateral PF were evaluated: 20 in the acute phase (with pain) and 15 with previous chronic PF (without pain). The MLA index and rearfoot alignment were calculated using digital images. The contact area, maximum force, peak pressure, and force-time integral over three plantar areas were acquired with Pedar X insoles while running at 12 km/h, and the loading rates were calculated from the vertical forces. RESULTS: The multiple regression analyses indicated that both the force-time integral (R2=0.15 for acute phase PF; R2=0.17 for chronic PF) and maximum force (R2=0.35 for chronic PF) over the forefoot were predicted by an elevated MLA index. The rearfoot valgus alignment predicted the maximum force over the rearfoot in both PF groups: acute (R2=0.18) and chronic (R2=0.45). The rearfoot valgus alignment also predicted higher loading rates in the PF groups: acute (R2=0.19) and chronic (R2=0.40). CONCLUSION: The MLA index and the rearfoot alignment were good predictors of plantar loads over the forefoot and rearfoot areas in runners with PF. However, rearfoot valgus was demonstrated to be an important clinical measure, since it was able to predict the maximum force and both loading rates over the rearfoot.


Subject(s)
Humans , Running/physiology , Fasciitis, Plantar/physiopathology , Foot/physiology , Pressure , Cross-Sectional Studies/standards
2.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 17(3): 263-271, jun. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680652

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The application time of therapeutic ultrasound is an infrequently studied dosimetric variable that affects tissue repair. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different treatment times of therapeutic ultrasound (US) on the organization of collagen fibers in the tendons of rats. METHOD: Forty Wistar rats were selected (300±45 g), and the rats were divided into five groups (n=8 for each group): Control, without tenotomy or any treatment; tenotomy group, with tenotomy and without treatment; US groups (US1, US2, and US3), subjected to tenotomy and treated with US for one, two, or three minutes per area of the transducer, respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the 12th post-operative day, and the tendons were surgically removed for analyses of the collagen fiber organization by means of birefringence analysis. RESULTS: The collagen fibers exhibited better aggregation and organization in the US3 group compared with the tenotomy group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that US applied for three minutes per treated area improves the organization of collagen fibers during rat tendon repair. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Collagen , Tendons/anatomy & histology , Ultrasonic Therapy/methods , Extracellular Matrix , Rats, Wistar , Tenotomy , Time Factors , Tendons/surgery
3.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 17(1): 1-8, Jan.-Feb. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668783

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Thoracic cirtometry is a simple and accessible technique to evaluate chest mobility during forced breathing. However, it does not allow for the assessment of compensatory movements commonly used by people with chronic diseases, such Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a condition characterized by progressive and irreversible degeneration of the musculoskeletal system. OBJECTIVES: To expand the method of thoracic cirtometry to allow for the assessment of compensatory movements; to analyze the reliability of the tool; and to describe thoracic mobility of children with DMD during deep breathing. METHOD: Sixty boys, 30 with DMD (10.1±0.5 years) and 30 healthy controls (9.5±0.6 years) participated in the study. The expanded thoracic cirtometry was organized in two phases: 1. the body could move freely, allowing the assessment of compensatory movements (free thoracic cirtometry) and 2. the body without compensatory movements, allowing for the direct study of the movements of the chest (guided thoracic cirtometry). This method includes videotaping and systematic observation of body movements using descriptive and numeric data. We investigated reliability of these measures in both groups. RESULTS: Measures of axial and the xiphoid thoracic cirtometry (both free and guided) showed excellent reliability. All measures were significantly different between groups. In DMD boys, free thoracic cirtometry presented a greater value of chest expansion when compared with the guided measures, which probably occurred due to compensatory movements. The most commons were movements of the head, shoulder and torso. CONCLUSIONS: The expanded thoracic cirtometry method showed excellent reliability and achieved the objectives of determining measures of chest mobility and compensatory movements during deep breath. We suggested its use in the respiratory evaluation of children with DMD.


CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A toracometria é um método simples e acessível para avaliar a mobilidade do tórax durante uma respiração forçada, mas não permite pesquisar os movimentos compensatórios utilizados por portadores de doenças crônicas, como Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD), caracterizada pela degeneração progressiva e irreversível da musculatura esquelética. OBJETIVOS: Ampliar método de avaliação pela toracometria, permitindo avaliação dos movimentos compensatórios; analisar a confiabilidade da ferramenta e descrever a mobilidade torácica de crianças com DMD durante respiração profunda. MÉTODO: Participaram 60 meninos, 30 com DMD (10,1±0,5 anos) e 30 saudáveis (9,5±0,6 anos). Organizou-se método de toracometria expandida em duas fases: livre movimentação corporal, permitindo avaliação de movimentos compensatórios (toracometria livre) e movimentação corporal sem movimentos compensatórios, permitindo o estudo dirigido aos movimentos do gradil costal (toracometria dirigida). Esse método prevê filmagem e observação sistemática dos movimentos, gerando dados numéricos e descritivos. O estudo de confiabilidade foi realizado para os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: As medidas de toracometria axial e xifoide (livres e dirigidas) apresentaram excelente confiabilidade. As medidas apresentaram diferenças significantes entre os grupos. Nas crianças com DMD, a toracometria livre apresentou valor de expansibilidade torácica maior quando comparada com a toracometria dirigida, provavelmente decorrente do auxílio dos movimentos compensatórios, sendo observados com maior frequência os associados à cabeça, ombro e tronco. CONCLUSÕES: O método de toracometria expandida apresentou excelente confiabilidade e permitiu descrever os movimentos compensatórios e da caixa torácica durante respiração profunda. Sugere-se sua utilização na avaliação respiratória de crianças com DMD.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Movement , Reproducibility of Results
4.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 13(5): 398-404, set.-out. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-534531

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Correlacionar a postura dos pés com o arco plantar de adolescentes usuárias e não usuárias de calçados de salto alto. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas 36 adolescentes, 16 no grupo de não usuárias e 20 no grupo de usuárias, com idade entre 13 e 20 anos. A postura do pé foi analisada por fotos nas condições descalça e com calçado de salto alto tipo Anabella, previamente padronizado, após terem permanecido com ele por uma hora. Sua análise foi realizada pelo software SAPO. A impressão plantar foi realizada descalça e, a partir dela, calculado o Índice de Chipaux - Smirak para classificação do arco plantar. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste t pareado para verificar igualdade entre lados direito e esquerdo. Foi realizado o teste de aderência Shapiro Wilk e, então, a análise inferencial por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon, o teste de Mann-Whitney e a correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada correlação entre o tipo de arco plantar e a postura do pé das adolescentes estudadas. Porém, o ângulo do retropé se mostrou significativamente diferente, apresentando varo de retropé após a colocação do calçado em ambos os grupos, e o arco plantar do grupo de usuárias apresentou valores menores quanto ao Índice Chipaux - Smirak. CONCLUSÕES: Não existe correlação entre a postura do pé e o tipo de arco plantar, embora essas variáveis tenham sofrido influência do calçado de salto alto. Artigo registrado na Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) sob o número ACTRN12608000300370.


Objectives: To investigate the relationship between foot posture and plantar arch among adolescent wearers and non-wearers of high-heeled shoes. METHODS: Thirty-six female adolescents aged 13 to 20 years were selected and grouped as 16 high-heel non-wearers and 20 high-heel wearers. Foot posture was analyzed using photos, firstly barefoot and, secondly, after wearing previously standardized high-heeled platform shoes for an hour. The analysis was performed using the software SAPo. Barefoot impressions were taken, and the Chipaux-Smirak Index was calculated to classify the plantar arch of the foot. For statistical analyses, the paired t test was used to investigate equality between the right and left sides. The Shapiro-Wilk adherence test was performed, followed by inferential analysis using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test, the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The significance level used was 0.05. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the type of plantar arch and foot posture among the female adolescents studied. However, the rearfoot angle was significantly different, with rearfoot varus after wearing the shoes in both groups. The plantar arch in the wearers group presented smaller values for the Chipaux-Smirak Index. CONCLUSIONS: There is no correlation between foot posture and the type of plantar arch, although these variables are influenced by high-heeled shoes. Article registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) under the number ACTRN12608000300370.

5.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 17(1): 76-83, jan.-mar. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-462457

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento do arco longitudinal medial (ALM) do pé de crianças obesas e verificar a concordância entre 5 índices da impressão plantar que caracterizam este arco. Métodos: 156 crianças obesas, ambos os sexos, idade entre 4 e 10 anos, pertencentes a escolas pública e privada da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As crianças classificadas como obesas foram selecionadas entre 1535 crianças estudantes de cinco escolas, com idade entre 4 e 10 anos. Em seguida foram coletadas as impressões plantares de cada criança e calculados índices que caracterizaram o ALM: índice de Cavanagh e Rodgers - CR, índice de Staheli - IS1 e IS2, índice de Chipaus-Smirak ICS e ângulo alfa de Clarke - AA. Resultados: CR, IS e ICS mostraram que a grande alteração na forma do ALM ocorre na transição dos 8 para os 9 anos e o AA mostra dois momentos, passagem dos 6 para os 7 anos e dos 8 para os 9 anos. De uma maneira geral, a classificação IS1 foi a mais discrepante para classificar o ALM nessas crianças e o CR a mais constante. Conclusões: observou-se que o ALM se forma mais tardiamente em crianças obesas (8 para 9 anos) em relação às crianças não obsesas (5 para 6 anos). Quanto aos índices houve semelhança na descrição do desenvolvimento do ALM entre CR, ICS e AA, sendo que o IS merece maior cuidado e restrição em seu uso.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Anthropometry , Child , Obesity
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